Consolidated
Parent entity
2002
$000s
2001
$000s
2002
$000s
2001
$000s
3. INCOME TAX
The differnce between income tax expense provided in the financial statements and the prima facie income tax expense is reconciled as follows:
Operating profit/(loss)
83,748
75,779
61,379
(28,832)
Prima facie income tax expense/(benefit) thereon at 30% (2001: at 34%)
25,125
25,765
18,414
(9,803)
Tax effect of permanent differences
- Amortisation of goodwill not deductible
4,666
4,084
-
-
- Research and development allowance
(1,548)
(823)
-
-
- Depreciation not deductible
538
311
6
7
- Non deductible provisions
1,006
314
-
-
- Benefit of timing difference on ETR not booked
-
6,208
-
6,208
- Recoupment of tax losses not previously booked
-
(106)
-
-
- Benefit of tax losses not brought to account
23
61
-
-
- Dividend from controlled entity
-
-
(12,454)
-
- Other
(781)
881
(212)
184
Prior year tax (over)/under provided
(2,086)
(752)
(2,931)
31
Restatement of deferred tax balances due to income tax rate changes
(572)
303
-
971
Effect of different tax rates on overseas income:
- Canada
1,819
1,784
-
-
- Other
(2,195)
(4,335)
-
-
Income tax expense/(benefit) on operating profit/(loss)
25,995
33,695
2,823
(2,402)

As at 30 June 2002, companies within the consolidated entity had estimated unconfirmed unrecouped income tax losses of $4,556,000 (2001: $3,135,000) available to offset against future years' taxable income. The benefit of these losses has not been brought to account as realisation is not virtually certain. The benefit for these tax losses will only be obtained if:
(a) the companies derive future assessable income of a nature and of an amount sufficient to enable the benefits from the deductions for the losses to be realised; (b) the companies continue to comply with the conditions for deductibility imposed by tax legislation; and
(c) no changes in the taxation legislation adversely affect the companies in realising the benefit from the deductions for the losses.